Soft Targets
We have decided to focus on educational institutions as "soft targets".
Proposed outline
- Introduction (Keunwoo Lee: I will co-author this section with someone.)
- Schools as targets: What makes schools worthy of study?
- Summary of rest of the paper: Resources/Vulnerabilities, adversaries, countermeasures, context
- Critical Resources and Vulnerabilities
- Types of schools
- Resources: people, facilities...?
- Adversaries
- Casual adversaries (not very interesting or important, IMO)
- Terrorists
- Professional Criminals
- Countermeasures
- ...
- Social concerns and broader context (Keunwoo Lee: I volunteer to take this section)
- Schools are sites of socialization. Some even argue that this their primary purpose. Do we want to train children to submit to pervasive surveillance and restrictions on their activity as a condition of participating in society?
- Suppose all the preceding measures succeed. Have we simply diverted activity from schools to other targets, or has society's aggregate security actually gone up?
- ...
Steve's notes
SOFT TAGRETS-SCHOOL SITES
INTRO/OVERVIEW/DEFINATIONS/
TARGET CHACTERISTICS/SCHOOL TYPES/PHYISCIAL STRUCTURE OF SCHOOL/LOCAL ENVIROEMNT/DEGREE OF SECURITY/CAMPUS POLICE/CAPABILLITIES OF LOCAL LAW ENF/ EMS/ HOPITALS/ ADDL RESOURCES/ HIGH RISK FACTORS ASSCOATIED WITH SPECIFIC SCHOOL TYPE-[BIO/CHEM/IT/HIGH VALUE HUMAN TARGETS OTHER FACTORS-BUS SYSTEM-VENDORS[GARBAGE-FOOD-GROUNDS KEEPING ETC) MAJOR EVENTS (SPORTS-CEROMONYS-VIP'S-HEADS OF STATE-FAIRS-PERORMING ARTS-PULIC EVENTS ETC)
ATTACKER CHARACTERISITICS/FORIEGN TERR/DOM TERR/RELIGIOUS/ POLITICAL/OHTER CAUSES-ENVIOMENTAL-ANIMAL RIGHTS-ANARCHIST MISCL GROUPS-MENTALLY INSANE AND LONE WOLF INDIVIDUALS/ KNOWN METHOEDS OF OPERATION/PROBABILLITY TO ATTACK SCHOOL MINDSET OF THE ATTACKER-WHAT DONT THEY LIKE-WHAT DO THEY LOOK FOR IN A VICTIM SCHOOL-
KNOWN ATTACKS/POSSBILE ATTACKS/CONSEQUENCES/PROBABILLITY OF EACH ATTACK FORM/AVAILBILLITY OF HUMAN RESOURES AND EQUIPMENT NEEDED TO LAUNCH GIVEN ATTACK FORM
PAST DEFENSE POLICES-PROCEDURES-STRENGTS/WEAKNESSES-ELOULATION TO CURRENT DEFENSE CURRENT DEFENSES-DETERENCE/PREVENTION/ DETECTION/RESPONSE/COUNTERMEASURES UINFORMITYOF DEFENSE'S ON NATIONAL SCALE/FOLLOW UP INVESTIGATION-RETALIATION
POSSIBLE FUTURE IMPROVENTS TO DEFENSE-NEW POLICIES,PROCEDURES/ COMUNICATION UPGRADES/VIDEO-SATALITE MONITORING-CHEMICAL AND BOMB DETCETION/ACCESS CONTROL/ID SYSTEMS/BADGES-UNIFORM-PARKING AND VEH PERMITS/SMART PERIMTERS/GATED ACCESS/SILENT ALARMS/COUNTER SURVAILANCE COVERT OPPERATIONS/PRATICALLITY AND LOGISITCAL CONTRANTS
LEAGAL-SOCIAL-ECONOMIC-POLITICAL-ISSUES-BIG BROTHER/SEARCH AND SEIZURE/PROFILING/PRIVACY RIGHTS/FORIEGN-TEACHER-PROFESSOR-STUDENT ACCESS-EXPULSION/NON TERROR CAMPUS STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS THAT MAY KNOWINGLY OR UNKOWINGLY GIVE FINNACICAL SUPPORT TO TERROR GROUP THRU FUNDRAISING-DONTAIONS ETC ECONOMIC-POLICITCAL-CONTRANTS ON EXISTING DEFENSE AND POSSIBLE FURURE DEFENSE'S
SUMARRY AND CONCLUSION
GEN OVERVIEW AND DEFINATION OF SOFT TARGET
SCHOOLS AS SOFT TARGETS IN THE USA
SCHOOL TYPES AND THIER CHARTERISITCS AS POTIENTIAL TERRORIST TARGETS IN TERMS OF VULNERABILLITY, STRATIGIC VALUE, PUBLIC RELATIONS, MEDIA EXPOSURE..LIST COULD INCLUDE [ ELEM/MIDDLE/HIGH/JR COLL/4 YR COLL OR UNIV/TRADE/TECH/POLICE-FIRE-MITLITARY ACAD/ FLIGHT SCHOOLS PUBLIC VRS PRIV FOR ALL THE ABOVE
KNOWN TERRORIST ATTACKS ON SCHOOLS (FORIEGN AND DOMESTIC) THAT HAVE OCCURED IN THE LAST FEW DECADES
KNOWN TERRORIST ATTACKS OF OTHER SOFT TARGETS THAT COULD BE CARRIED AGAINST A SCHOOL
KNOWN ATTACKS AGAINST AGAINST SCHOOLS BY INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS NOT DEFINED AS TERROSIST THAT COULD BE COPIED BY TERRORIST
KNOW ATTACKS AGAINST OTHER SOFT TARGETS BY INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS NOT DEFINED AS TERRORIST THAT COULD BE COPIED BY TERRORIST AND CARRIED OUT AGAINST A SCHOOL
ADDITIONAL IDEAS OF HOW A TERRORIST MIGHT BE ABLE TO ATTACK A SCHOOL OR IN SOME MANOR VICIMIZE A SCHOOL IN ORDER TO FURTHER TERRORIST GOALS (HERE IS WHERE CYBER ATTACKS LAUNCHED FROM USE OF SCHOOL RESOURES MIGHT BE VALUABELE-OR WHAT ABOUT HACKING INTO SCHOOL RECORDS TO GAIN ADDMISSION TO TECH/TRADE-FLIGHT SCHOOL ETC SAME FOR 4 YR UNIV PERHAPS FOR VISA- FINNACIAL AIDE SCAMS ETC
OVERVIEW OF THE ELOULATION OF TRAING AND PREPERATION FOR TERROR ATTACKS OVER THE LAST FEW DECADES
CURRENT LEVEL OF PREPERATION IN ANY FORM BY EACH TYPE OF SCHOOL LISTED ABOVE, HOW DO PREP LEVELS AND THREAT LEVELS ARRY BY THIER INDIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS GEOGRAPHY-NEAR WATER--NEAR CHEM PLANT-URBAN-RURAL-LARGE-SMALL-POLICED BY SINGLE LARGE AGENCY OR SMALL-HOSPITAL FACILLITIES AVAIL, IN FLIGHT PATHS-NEAR TRAIN TRACKS-ETC ETC
WHO WOULD NEED TO RESPOND AND WHAT WOULD NEED TO BE DONE I THE EVENT OF A TERRORIST ATTACK TO ANY OF THE SCHOOL TYPES INVOLING ANY OF THE KNOWN OR POSSIBLE ATTACK FORMS WITH VARIOUS INDIVIDUAL SCHOOL CHARACTERISTICS IN MIND
CRITIQUE RESPONSE TO ATTACKS ON SCHOOLS THAT HAVE OCCURRED BOTH DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN
WHAT HAVE LAW ENFORCEMENT, EMS, MILTARY LEARNED FROM THESE EVENTS AND HOW HAVE TATICS AND PROCEDURES BEEN IMPROVED. WHAT ARE THE ROAD BLOCKS TO FURTHER IMPROVMENT?
WHAT ARE THE VITAL ELLEMENTS IN DETERING, PREVENTING, DECTECTING, REPELLING, RESPONDING, AND EFFECTIVE POST EVENT RESPONSE SUCH AS RETALTIATION, APPREHENSION, CALMING PUBLIC FEARS ETC
HOW CAN PREPERATION-TRAINING AND PROCEDURES RELATED TO TERROR ATTACKS TO SCHOOLS BE IMPROVED? ARE THEY ALREADY AT PEAK LEVELS?
CAN THE PHYISCAL DESIGN OF SCHOOLS BE IMPROVED TO MAKE LESS VULNERABLE ARE SOME EXISITNG CAMPUS TYPE BETTER OR WORS W R T POINTS OF ENTRY-AMBUSH AREAS-STAIR WELLS-LUNCH QUADS-..AIR VENT SYSTEMS ETC
HOW CAN TECHNOLOGY BE USED TO HARDEN SCHOOLS FROM ATTACK?
BOMB DECTIION TECH
WHAT ARE THE ATIVE BOMB INGREADIENTS BEING USED IN SUSCIDE BELTS, CAR BOMBS ETC. ARE THEY DETECTABLE NOW? IF NOT CAN THEY BE DETECTED WITH BETTER TECHNOLOGY-WOULD THIS BE PRATICLE OR AFFORADABLE-WHAT ARE THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS
OHTER TECH CHALLENGES AND POSS IMPROVEMENTS
MULTI AGENCY COMMUNICATIONS DURRING LAGRE SCALE ATTACK
GETTING REAL TIME INFO FROM VICTIMS THRU DISPATCH TO RESPONDERS
SATLILTE IMAGES-REAL TIME VIVISUAL AIDES- VIDEO SURVAILANCE-CHEMICAL AGENT DECTECTORS ETC
SUMARRY-CONCLUSIONS